Appendix 2 - Reidar Conradi (Ed.): Overview of World Energy Supplies and Prices - per Oct. 27, 2007

Some official sources:

1. World energy consumption, Wikipedia, Jan. 2011 (.pdf) -- now outdated!!.

2. dr. Fatih Birol (Ed.): World Energy Outlook 2010, International Energy Agency (IEA), Paris, 2010, 6 slides (.pdf).
3. World Energy Outlook 2010 Factsheet, International Energy Agency (IEA), Paris, 2010, 6pp (.pdf).
4. World Energy Outlook 2010, International Energy Agency (IEA), Paris, 2010, 43pp (.pdf).
5. Key World Energy STATISTICS 2010, International Energy Agency (IEA), Paris, 2010, 78pp (.pdf).

6. BP Statistical Review of World Energy, British Petroleum, London, June 2011 -- a portal (.html, 1p).
7. Statistical Review of World Energy, London, June 2011, BP, 45pp -- full report (.pdf, 7990 KB),
   see pp. 40-41 for Consumption of Primary Energy.
   Primary energy slides, BP (.ppt, 3365 KB).
8. BP Energy Outlook 2030, BP, London, Jan. 2011, 70pp (.pdf, xxx KB).

1. Prelude with some oil-related units:
2. Common volume unit: barrels per day (bpd), one barrel = 42 US gallons.
   Given 0.159 m3/barrel and an average specific weight of 0.86kg/liter: i.e. 7.33 barrels/tonne.

   1 bpd => (1/7.33) bpt * (365.25 bpy) = 49.8 tonnes/year.
   1 mill. bpd = ca. 50 mill. tpy. Easy to remember!!
   All tonnes are metric tonnes.

   Norwegian production of oil: stable at 3?? mill. bpd or 50 mill. tpy since 1995 = 3 % of world production.

3. IEA reference scenario (source: World Energy Outlook 2006):
   World energy demand will grow by 55 % in 2005-2030, or 1.8 % per year.
   Coal demand increases by 73 % in 2005-2030(!).
   Oil demand increases by 31 % in 2005-2030, from 81.5 bpd to 116 bpd.
   Gas demand increases by 57 % in 2005-2030.

   Electricity as part of final energy consumption:
   17 % in 2005, increasing to 22 % in 2030.

   Electricity by source in 2004: nuclear: 16 %, hydro: 16 %, other renewable*: 2 %, coal: 39 %, oil: 7 %, gas: 20 %.
   * renewable: biomass, solar, tidal, wind, geothermal.

   EU consumption of non-fossile electricity in 2004: hydro: 304 TWh, wind: 59 TWh, biomass: 69 TWh, nuclear: 986 TWh - sum: 1418 TWh.

   Norwegian production of electricity: 135 TWh produced in 2007 (a "wet" year), and 138 TWh in 2020 assuming a normal year, but only 106 TWh in "dry" year.
   Consumption expected at 140 TWh in 2020.

4. Nuclear / uranium:

     U-ore price  U-Mt avail.  Energy in LWR reactors, as equiv. coal burning
     <=  80$/kg       2.6            28 bill. tonnes (3 times fossil energy/year)
     <= 130$/kg       3.3            36 bill. tonnes
     <= 130$/kg      "4.5"           45 bill. tonnes, by better technology
     unlim.$/kg      15-20           ?? bill. tonnes
   
    But will run out uranium in 2040!!
    Source: Thorium report committee, feb. 2008.
   

5. Coal: 2800 mill. tonnes in 2006:

      World production of coal (2006): ca. 2800 million tonnes per year.
   
                                  Price: ca. 110 USD/tonne
   	                                       or ca. 600 NOK/tonne.
                                1 ton of coal = 4879 barrels of oil-equiv.
                                                = 636.9 tonnes of oil-equiv.
                                                = 7 408 kWh.
                                  Prices: 0,60 NOK/kg, 0,1246 NOK/kWh.
   

6. Oil: 4235 mill. tonnes in 2006:

   Oil: World production (2004): 83 bill. barr. per day,growing to 116 in 2030.
                         (2005): 81.5 bill. barr. per day = xxxx Mtonnes per year.
                         (2006): 85 bill. barr. per day = 4235 Mtonnes per year.
        North Sea oil per Oct. 2007:
          Prices: 70? USD/barrel and 5.50 NOK/USD, i.e. 2.12 NOK/kg.
                   1 ton of oil-equivalent: 11 630 kWh, i.e. 0.18 NOK/kWh.
   

7. Natural gas: 2730 mill. tonnes in 2006:

   Gas:  World production (2004): 100 trill. CF, growing to 167 CF in 2030.
                          (2006): 110 trill. CF / 5487 CF/barrel =
                                  20 047 bill. barrels / 7.33 (tonnes/barrel) =>
                                  2730 million tonnes.
           Prices: 1 therm of North Sea nat.gas sells for
                     1.40 GBP per therm in Oct. 2007: (10 USD??)
           1 GBP = 11.08 NOK per 26 Oct. 2007.
           1 kWh nat.gas costs: (1.40 GBP * 11.08 NOK/GBP = 15.51 NOK)/29.31 kWh
                                 = 0.529 NOK/kWh.
           1 kg-carrier of a CCF of nat.gas costs: 15.51 NOK / 2.03kg
                                 = 7.640 NOK/kg.
   

8. Biomass: xxx TWh in 2006:

   ...
   

9. Hydro: xxx TWh in 2006:

   ...
   

10. Wind, tidal, geothermal:

    	Increasing!
    

11. Solar:

    	10 000 times human use.
    

           Megatonnes/year     NOK/kg   NOK/kWh
  Coal:       2800              0.60     0.1246  
  Oil:        4235              2.12     0.18
  Gas:        2730              7.64     0.529
  Sum:        9865 ~~ 10000

  I.e. over 30 Gigatonnes of emitted CO2/year.
  Other bio: 30% of total CO2 emissions from deforestation and firewood.

  See http://www.eia.doe.govøiaf/ieo/
  and http://www.eppo.go.th/ref/UNIT-OIL.html

   Year:  Oil     Nat.gas Coal    Nuclear  Hydro   Renew.   TOTAL

   2009:  3908.7  2661.4  3305.6  0614.0   0736.3  0137.4  11363.2  .4??
   2010:  4028.1  2858.1  3555.8  0626.2   0775.6  0158.6  12002.4
                                    5.2%    6,5% of total in 2010

   oil: 1 mill. bpd <=> 49.8 tonnes per year, as 7.33 barrels = 1 tonne.
   1 tonnes of oil = 1165 liters, or 1000 liters = 0.8581 tonnes
   1 trillion BTUs = 0.14 M tonnes of oil-eq
   1 kWh  = 860 kcal   = 3412 Btu = 3600 kJ
   1 BTU  = 0.252 kcal = 252 cal = 1.055 kJ
   1 kcal = 4.187 kJ   = 3.968 Btu
   1 tonnes of LPG  = 11.6 barrels of oil
   1 Mtonnes of LPG = 1.22 Mtonnes of oil-equiv

  ??????????